Dresdner Schachfestival

ZMD-Open 2009

25.07.-03.08.2009

Rang Teilnehmer Titel TWZ Land S R V Punkte Buch SoBerg ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Epishin,Vladimir GM 2592 RUS 6 3 0 9.0 52.5 385.0 2 Ovsejevitsch,Sergei GM 2583 UKR 4 5 0 8.0 52.0 382.0 3 Kempinski,Robert GM 2631 POL 4 5 0 7.5 54.5 371.5 4 Arutinian,David GM 2526 GEO 6 3 0 7.5 50.5 381.0 5 Kovalev,Andrei GM 2533 BLR 7 2 0 7.5 49.5 379.0 6 Sanikidze,Tornike GM 2559 GEO 7 2 0 7.5 49.0 365.0 7 Kovchan,Alexander GM 2554 UKR 6 3 0 7.5 47.5 369.0 8 Graf,Alexander GM 2583 GER 6 2 1 7.0 53.0 361.0 9 Luther,Thomas GM 2552 GER 3 5 1 7.0 52.0 378.5 10 Baklan,Vladimir GM 2656 UKR 5 4 0 7.0 52.0 367.0 11 Ghaem Maghami,Ehsan GM 2589 IRI 4 4 1 7.0 51.0 372.0 12 Jaracz,Pawel GM 2539 POL 6 3 0 7.0 49.5 372.0 13 Markowski,Tomasz GM 2627 POL 7 1 1 7.0 49.0 363.5 14 Hera,Imre GM 2559 HUN 5 4 0 7.0 48.5 376.5 15 Farago,Ivan GM 2511 HUN 6 2 1 7.0 48.5 370.5 16 Miezis,Normunds GM 2572 LAT 6 3 0 7.0 48.5 359.0 17 Savchenko,Stanislav GM 2526 UKR 7 1 1 7.0 47.5 365.0 18 Breder,Dennis IM 2435 GER 5 3 1 7.0 47.5 361.0 19 Womacka,Mathias IM 2436 GER 6 2 1 7.0 46.0 359.0 20 Nyzhnyk,Illya IM 2486 UKR 7 0 2 7.0 46.0 356.5 21 Heberla,Bartlomiej GM 2536 POL 6 3 0 7.0 46.0 350.5 22 Porper,Edward IM 2448 CAN 6 2 0 7.0 44.0 337.0 23 Peschlow,Patrick FM 2296 GER 4 5 0 6.5 48.5 364.5 24 Rudolf,Sebastian 2195 GER 5 3 1 6.5 48.5 360.0 25 Seres,Lajos GM 2456 HUN 4 4 1 6.5 48.5 355.5 26 Genov,Petar GM 2478 BUL 6 1 2 6.5 48.0 359.0 27 Bobras,Piotr GM 2568 POL 6 1 2 6.5 47.5 360.5 28 Zeberski,Jakub IM 2421 POL 5 2 2 6.5 46.5 343.0 29 Doberitz,Paul 2192 GER 6 1 2 6.5 45.5 346.0 30 Rösemann,Rainer 2246 GER 5 2 2 6.5 45.0 352.0 31 Ohme,Melanie WIM 2302 GER 5 3 1 6.5 44.5 351.0 32 Stabolewski,Andreas 2256 GER 6 1 2 6.5 42.0 347.0 33 Möller,Hendrik 2172 GER 6 1 2 6.5 41.0 339.0 34 Hager,Joshua Aarash 2226 GER 6 1 2 6.5 40.5 340.5 35 Aronow,Maxim FM 2290 GER 6 0 3 6.0 48.0 353.5 36 Heinig,Wolfram,Dr. FM 2334 GER 6 1 2 6.0 47.5 353.5 37 Meurs,Tom 2179 NED 5 3 1 6.0 47.5 348.5 38 Nuber,Korbinian 2168 GER 5 2 2 6.0 47.5 343.5 39 Genova,Lyubka WIM 2209 BUL 5 2 2 6.0 46.5 355.0 40 Wahono,Awam FM 2399 INA 5 1 3 6.0 46.5 347.5 41 Ghader Pour,Shayesteh WIM 2172 IRI 5 1 3 6.0 46.5 343.0 42 Horvath,Peter GM 2439 HUN 6 1 2 6.0 46.0 347.5 43 Holm,Sejer 2254 DEN 5 3 1 6.0 46.0 343.0 44 Blodstein,Boris 2194 ISR 6 0 3 6.0 45.5 340.0 45 Herrich,Christoph 2005 GER 3 4 2 6.0 45.0 345.0 46 Hilverda,Alexander 2243 GER 6 0 3 6.0 44.5 345.5 47 Heck,Norbert FM 2324 GER 6 0 3 6.0 44.0 336.0 48 Bracker,Arne 2214 GER 5 2 2 6.0 44.0 327.5 49 Wittenberg,Andreas 2129 GER 6 1 2 6.0 43.5 347.5 50 Boewer,Roland 2249 GER 5 2 2 6.0 43.5 331.5 51 Schäfer,Erik 2164 GER 6 0 3 6.0 43.0 341.0 52 Jürgens,Klaus 2162 GER 5 2 2 6.0 43.0 330.5 53 Büder,Thomas 2201 GER 4 3 2 6.0 41.5 337.0 54 Günther,Thomas 2139 GER 5 1 3 6.0 41.5 332.0 55 Opitz,Christian 2020 GER 5 2 2 6.0 38.0 331.5 56 Böhle,Lars 2260 GER 5 2 2 6.0 36.5 327.0 57 Schellmann,Frank CM 2161 GER 5 3 1 6.0 36.0 323.0 58 Böhm,Robert,Dr. 2173 GER 5 1 3 5.5 46.0 352.0 59 Rozov,Boris 2138 GER 5 1 3 5.5 46.0 346.5 60 Jugelt,Tobias 2398 GER 5 1 3 5.5 46.0 337.0 61 Eskandary,Jahja 2112 GER 5 2 2 5.5 45.0 335.0 62 Shteinberg,Vladimir 2171 ISR 5 1 3 5.5 44.0 343.0 63 Kloke,Stephan 2143 GER 5 1 3 5.5 44.0 333.0 64 Colpe,Malte 2171 GER 5 1 3 5.5 43.0 337.5 65 Hansch,Torsten CM 2203 GER 5 2 2 5.5 42.5 325.0 66 Boyarchenko,Marie 2028 LUX 5 1 3 5.5 42.0 331.0 67 Kotainy,Jens 2270 GER 5 1 3 5.5 41.5 329.5 68 Günnigmann,Manuel 2165 GER 4 2 3 5.5 41.0 325.0 69 Blübaum,Matthias 2075 GER 4 3 2 5.5 41.0 315.5 70 Held,Florian 2043 GER 4 3 2 5.5 40.5 327.5 71 Proschmann,Tino 2110 GER 5 1 3 5.5 40.0 325.5 72 Ries,Berthold 2033 GER 4 3 2 5.5 39.5 335.5 73 Barlage,Tonio,Dr. 2007 GER 4 2 3 5.5 38.0 315.0 74 Hummel,Dennis 2044 GER 4 3 2 5.5 37.5 320.5 75 Bodner,Alfred 2016 AUT 3 3 3 5.5 36.5 327.5 76 Rudolf,Matthias,Dr. 2117 GER 4 2 3 5.0 46.0 335.0 78 Müller,Martin,Dr. 2093 GER 3 3 3 5.0 45.0 329.5 79 Jungbluth,Michael 2055 GER 4 2 3 5.0 44.0 333.5 80 Schatz,Christian CM 2179 GER 3 3 3 5.0 44.0 329.5 81 Ledfuß,Guntram 1984 GER 3 3 3 5.0 42.5 339.0 82 Mundorf,Johannes 1934 GER 5 0 4 5.0 42.5 332.5 83 Meißner,Felix 2099 GER 3 4 2 5.0 42.5 323.0 84 Kelbling,Alexander 1924 GER 3 4 2 5.0 42.5 321.5 85 Schöngart,Ralf 2070 GER 5 0 4 5.0 42.0 328.0 86 Borgmeyer,Max 2092 GER 3 3 3 5.0 42.0 323.0 87 Hentze,Markus 2006 GER 3 4 2 5.0 42.0 320.5 88 Liebscher,Helmar 2102 GER 3 5 1 5.0 42.0 308.5 89 Moos,Gerd Anton Ferdinand 2015 GER 3 3 3 5.0 41.5 326.0 90 Dünzel,Jonas 1971 GER 3 4 2 5.0 41.5 318.5 91 Neef,Maximilian 2019 GER 4 2 3 5.0 41.0 335.0 92 Blübaum,Johanna 2008 GER 5 1 3 5.0 41.0 333.5 93 Schindele,Andreas 1879 GER 3 4 2 5.0 41.0 325.0 94 Scharff,Klaus 2058 GER 5 0 4 5.0 41.0 318.0 95 Stark,Uwe 1893 GER 5 0 4 5.0 41.0 309.5 96 Rümmler,Roland 2023 GER 4 2 3 5.0 40.5 318.0 97 Muuss,Klaus 2046 GER 3 3 3 5.0 40.5 317.5 98 Eilers,Jochen 1993 GER 2 5 2 5.0 40.5 316.0 99 Fegebank,Fritz 2050 GER 2 5 2 5.0 40.5 315.5 100 Schrödter,Axel 1836 GER 4 2 3 5.0 40.0 332.5 101 Büchmann,Ole 2133 GER 4 2 3 5.0 40.0 317.0 102 Bade,Hans-Jürgen 2077 GER 3 4 2 5.0 40.0 312.0 103 Meertens,Martin 2146 GER 4 2 3 5.0 39.5 329.0 104 Kelbling,Philipp 2132 GER 3 4 2 5.0 39.5 322.0 105 Gutt,Oswald 2059 GER 4 1 4 5.0 39.5 314.5 106 Büchmann,Knud,Dr. 2005 GER 4 2 3 5.0 39.5 313.0 107 Ulvnes,Roar 1997 NOR 3 3 3 5.0 39.5 309.5 108 Hüttemann,Ralf 1994 GER 4 2 3 5.0 39.0 320.5 109 Klein,Gereon 1928 GER 4 2 3 5.0 39.0 317.5 110 Wulff,Jens-Peter 1858 GER 5 0 4 5.0 39.0 315.0 111 Stürken,Andree 1957 GER 3 4 2 5.0 37.5 322.5 112 Carmesin,Matthias 1840 GER 3 4 2 5.0 37.5 317.5 113 Nohr,Jonas 2066 GER 3 4 2 5.0 37.5 315.5 114 Edalati,Omid 1908 GER 4 2 3 5.0 37.5 313.0 115 Müller,Peter 2013 GER 5 0 4 5.0 37.5 311.5 116 Smolkina,Milana 1953 GER 4 2 3 5.0 37.0 294.5 117 Große,Marcus 1925 GER 3 4 2 5.0 36.0 316.0 118 Teuchert,Steffen 1915 GER 4 2 3 5.0 36.0 314.5 119 Bischoff,Dieter 2142 GER 3 4 2 5.0 35.5 319.5 120 Walther,Juri 1939 GER 5 0 4 5.0 35.5 307.5 121 Tammert,Rolf 1973 GER 3 4 2 5.0 34.5 309.5 122 Leimeister,Winfried 1917 GER 4 2 3 5.0 34.0 313.0 123 Wendling,Florian 1932 GER 3 4 2 5.0 34.0 302.5 124 Hübner,Silvio 1804 GER 5 0 4 5.0 33.5 304.5 125 Siegl,Detlef 1943 GER 4 3 2 5.0 31.0 309.0 126 Liebscher,Sebastian 1875 GER 3 3 3 4.5 43.0 320.0 127 Fries,Frederik 1783 GER 4 1 4 4.5 42.0 309.5 128 Schwarz,Hilmar 1909 GER 4 1 4 4.5 41.5 323.0 129 Kießling,Andreas 2030 GER 1 6 2 4.5 41.0 314.0 130 Mishin,Fedor 1725 RUS 4 1 4 4.5 39.5 320.5 131 Böhme,Andre 1986 GER 3 4 2 4.5 39.5 309.5 132 Wolf,Andreas 1663 GER 4 1 4 4.5 39.0 311.5 133 Bauschmann,Christoph 1815 GER 3 3 3 4.5 39.0 303.5 134 Richter,Stefan 1885 GER 3 3 3 4.5 38.5 314.5 135 Schott,Ottmar 1829 GER 3 3 3 4.5 38.5 309.5 136 Wimmer,Alfred 2108 GER 4 1 4 4.5 38.0 316.0 137 Kleibaumhüter,Klaus 2148 GER 4 1 4 4.5 38.0 314.5 138 Tominski,Norbert 1897 GER 3 3 3 4.5 38.0 312.5 139 Bochmann,Christopher 1830 GER 3 3 3 4.5 38.0 310.5 140 Konow,Philipp 1853 GER 4 2 3 4.5 38.0 302.5 141 Ullmann,Stefan 1859 GER 3 3 3 4.5 37.5 325.5 142 Egel,Amos 1727 GER 2 6 1 4.5 37.5 315.5 143 Müller,Richard 1884 GER 3 3 3 4.5 37.5 315.0 144 Schaburov,Wladimir 1990 GER 3 3 3 4.5 37.5 308.0 145 Kimmich,Bernd 1911 GER 3 3 3 4.5 37.0 317.5 146 Hadlich,Winfried 2001 GER 3 2 4 4.5 36.5 313.0 147 Albers,Andreas 1977 GER 4 1 4 4.5 36.0 324.5 148 Stark,Saskia 1945 GER 3 3 3 4.5 36.0 301.5 149 Lammers,Frank,Prof. Dr. 2012 GER 3 3 3 4.5 36.0 296.0 150 Henkemeier,Markus 1672 GER 3 3 3 4.5 35.5 307.5 151 Sabejinski,Simeon 1875 GER 4 1 4 4.5 35.0 306.5 152 Begri,Felix 1662 GER 3 3 3 4.5 35.0 304.5 153 Noack,Mario 1983 GER 2 4 3 4.5 34.5 294.0 154 Bisse,Vilorij 1936 GER 3 3 3 4.5 34.0 308.5 155 Kuehnast,Volker 1842 GER 2 5 2 4.5 33.5 302.5 156 Gerntke,Oliver 1834 GER 4 1 4 4.5 33.5 294.0 157 Mäder,Jürgen 1812 GER 3 3 3 4.5 32.5 292.5 158 Sander,Jean Louis 1345 GER 4 1 4 4.5 32.0 281.0 159 Schott,Norman 1695 GER 4 2 3 4.5 31.5 304.0 160 Koch,Till 1347 GER 3 3 3 4.5 30.5 302.0 161 Thilaganathan,Jessica 1899 ENG 3 2 4 4.0 43.5 327.0 162 Schmidt,Hans-Gerd 2010 GER 3 2 4 4.0 41.0 309.5 163 Schott,Peggy 1799 GER 2 3 4 4.0 40.5 312.0 164 Schmidt,Jade 2012 GER 2 4 3 4.0 40.5 295.0 165 Sturm,Frank 1916 GER 4 0 5 4.0 40.0 301.5 166 Nosek,Reinhard 1926 GER 4 0 5 4.0 39.5 312.0 167 Hansch,Karsten 1831 GER 3 3 3 4.0 39.0 298.5 168 Christiani,Jörg 2018 GER 2 3 4 4.0 37.5 315.5 169 Hutschenreiter,Jörg,Dr. 2127 GER 3 2 4 4.0 37.0 305.0 170 Johnen,Franz 1866 GER 3 2 4 4.0 37.0 304.5 171 Thiemann,Sebastian 1886 GER 4 0 5 4.0 36.5 299.0 172 Große,Christian 1869 GER 3 2 4 4.0 36.0 304.0 173 Schmid,Simon 1528 GER 4 0 5 4.0 36.0 300.0 174 Raden,Hans-Joachim 1488 GER 4 0 5 4.0 35.5 309.5 175 Niemann,Silvio 1748 GER 3 2 4 4.0 35.5 297.0 176 Grubauer,Gerhard 1805 AUT 4 0 5 4.0 35.0 301.5 177 Gauer,Jacques 1966 FRA 4 0 5 4.0 34.5 291.5 178 Damm,Holger 1803 GER 3 2 4 4.0 34.5 286.0 179 Bulano,Alexander 1801 GER 3 2 4 4.0 34.0 297.5 180 Viereck,Marten 1615 GER 4 1 4 4.0 33.5 307.5 181 Schießl,Hanns 1777 GER 3 2 4 4.0 33.5 298.5 182 von Keyserlingk,Chanda 1461 GER 4 1 4 4.0 33.0 290.0 183 Schleicher,Alexander 1600 GER 4 0 5 4.0 33.0 282.5 184 Goes,Carsten 1786 GER 3 2 4 4.0 32.5 298.0 185 Kuckling,Hannah 1690 GER 3 3 3 4.0 32.0 311.5 186 Gungl,Theo 1681 GER 3 2 4 4.0 30.0 281.5 187 Günnigmann,Laura 1900 GER 3 1 5 3.5 39.5 303.0 188 Grötzbach,Julian 1817 GER 3 1 5 3.5 39.5 291.5 189 Hammer,Tina 1661 GER 2 4 3 3.5 37.5 301.0 190 Bauer,Bernd 2006 GER 3 1 5 3.5 37.0 311.5 191 Keeve,Martin 1661 GER 3 3 3 3.5 36.5 301.0 192 Garny,Annica 1451 GER 2 3 4 3.5 36.0 298.0 193 Schmidt,Maurin 1917 SUI 3 1 5 3.5 36.0 295.0 194 Böhme-Ziska,Christine 1736 GER 3 1 5 3.5 36.0 288.0 195 Hansch,Stephan 1793 GER 2 3 4 3.5 35.5 297.5 196 Knoblach,Norbert,Dr. 1885 GER 1 5 3 3.5 35.5 296.5 197 Friedrich,Ekkehard 1852 GER 2 3 4 3.5 35.5 289.5 198 Haasmann,Roland 1794 GER 2 3 3 3.5 35.5 278.0 199 Kreutz,Daniel 1643 GER 2 3 4 3.5 35.0 293.5 200 Linnemann,Niklas 1445 GER 2 4 3 3.5 35.0 287.0 201 Dorn,Matthias 1915 GER 3 1 5 3.5 35.0 286.0 202 Jacob,Tobias 1636 GER 1 5 3 3.5 34.5 303.0 203 Jahn,Dietmar 1827 GER 2 3 4 3.5 34.5 295.5 204 Sturm,Timo 1878 GER 2 3 4 3.5 34.5 288.0 205 Zimm,Justus 1583 GER 2 4 3 3.5 34.5 285.5 206 Matschewsky,Justus 1738 GER 2 3 4 3.5 34.0 310.5 207 Schamschurko,AndrĂ© 1285 GER 3 1 5 3.5 34.0 281.0 208 Cogan,Leonid 1855 GER 3 1 5 3.5 33.5 291.5 209 Imcke,Patrick 1699 GER 3 2 4 3.5 33.5 284.5 210 Haak,Werner 1821 GER 3 1 5 3.5 33.0 292.5 211 Mittelstaedt,Ewald 1717 GER 3 1 5 3.5 32.5 293.5 212 Weser,Dietmar 1662 GER 3 1 5 3.5 31.5 295.5 213 Grebener,Sören 1663 GER 3 1 5 3.5 31.5 286.0 214 Schilling,Hans 1761 GER 3 1 5 3.5 31.0 285.5 215 Wunderlich,Matthias 1807 GER 1 5 3 3.5 31.0 278.0 216 Wenzel,Andreas 1720 GER 2 4 3 3.5 30.0 289.0 217 Scholz,Robert 1503 GER 2 3 4 3.5 30.0 284.5 218 Wieland,Karsten 1599 GER 2 3 4 3.5 29.5 290.5 219 Schamschurko,Victor 1330 GER 3 1 5 3.5 28.0 270.5 220 Viereck,Axel 1306 GER 3 1 5 3.5 25.5 271.0 221 Henkemeier,Michael 1882 GER 2 3 4 3.0 40.0 300.5 222 Hennrich,Reinhard 1840 GER 2 2 5 3.0 37.0 289.0 223 Udet,Fabian 1738 GER 2 2 5 3.0 36.0 296.0 224 Smagulov,Aman 1827 GER 2 3 4 3.0 36.0 292.0 225 Obernosterer,Wolfgang,Dr. 1700 AUT 2 2 5 3.0 35.5 310.0 226 Lukasser,Franz 1798 AUT 3 0 6 3.0 35.0 293.5 227 Schott,Viktor 1586 GER 2 2 5 3.0 35.0 293.0 228 Jeschke,Erik 1437 GER 3 0 6 3.0 34.5 291.0 229 Grötzbach,Daniel 1803 GER 3 0 6 3.0 34.5 278.5 230 Frackowiak,Stanislaw 1671 GER 2 2 5 3.0 34.5 270.5 231 Hilbig,Klaus 1739 GER 3 0 6 3.0 34.0 291.0 232 Schöne,Frederik 1816 GER 3 0 6 3.0 34.0 290.5 233 Konau,Ingo 1854 GER 2 2 5 3.0 33.5 285.0 234 Dorn,Thomas,Dr. 1668 GER 2 2 5 3.0 33.0 301.0 235 Gude,Michael 1568 GER 3 0 6 3.0 33.0 284.0 236 Bochmann,Marcus 1754 GER 2 2 5 3.0 33.0 281.5 237 Lienau,Henrik 1753 GER 3 0 6 3.0 31.5 284.5 238 Wenke,Andrea 1407 GER 2 2 5 3.0 31.0 283.0 239 Boyarchenko,Vlada 1606 LUX 2 2 5 3.0 30.0 289.0 240 Kuckling,Jonas 1570 GER 2 2 5 3.0 30.0 280.5 241 Beilfuss,Björn 1698 GER 3 0 6 3.0 30.0 265.5 242 Reinisch,Jörg 1557 GER 2 2 5 3.0 29.0 273.0 243 Weiler,Georg 1695 AUT 2 2 5 3.0 28.0 286.5 244 Minkwitz,Julian 1027 GER 3 0 6 3.0 26.0 259.0 245 Hager,Jason Armin 1226 GER 2 2 5 3.0 25.5 253.0 246 Weigelt,Thomas 1913 GER 2 1 6 2.5 37.5 303.5 247 Plaettner,Stefan 1630 GER 1 4 4 2.5 36.0 304.5 248 Müller,AndrĂ© 1841 GER 2 2 5 2.5 35.5 298.0 249 Gabriel,Wolfram 1743 GER 2 1 6 2.5 34.5 278.0 250 Chernyak,Nataliya 1700 RUS 2 1 6 2.5 33.0 297.5 251 Levin,Yevgeny 1885 ISR 2 1 6 2.5 32.5 283.5 252 Gunkel,Wolfgang 1581 GER 2 3 4 2.5 30.0 278.5 253 Vogt,Marc Jonas 1497 GER 2 2 5 2.5 30.0 272.5 254 Kudrjavzew,Michail 1400 RUS 1 4 4 2.5 30.0 269.0 255 Seifert,Heinz 1481 GER 2 2 5 2.5 28.5 275.0 256 Werner,Detlef 1725 GER 2 1 6 2.5 26.5 266.5 257 Herrmann,Matthias 1563 GER 1 3 5 2.5 25.5 266.5 258 Linnemann,Julius 1338 GER 2 1 6 2.5 24.0 249.5 260 Fazekas,Tibor 1510 AUT 2 1 6 2.0 31.5 261.5 261 Geißler,Marco 1389 GER 2 0 7 2.0 30.5 276.5 262 Urban,Thomas 1493 GER 2 0 7 2.0 28.5 257.0 263 Kuckling,Dirk 1408 GER 2 0 7 2.0 28.0 268.0 265 Bergstraeßer,Axel,Dr. 1331 GER 2 0 7 2.0 27.5 253.5 266 Liehr,Günter 1300 GER 2 0 7 2.0 26.5 259.0 268 Geiger,Werner 1707 AUT 1 1 7 1.5 32.0 271.5 269 Schmidt,Martin 1291 GER 0 2 7 1.5 31.0 256.0 270 Kuckling,Linus 1239 GER 1 1 7 1.5 29.5 259.5 271 Michel,Richard 1209 GER 1 1 7 1.5 28.5 268.5 272 Winn,Matthias 1157 GER 1 1 7 1.5 28.0 260.5 273 Hager,Julius 952 GER 1 1 7 1.5 27.0 266.5 274 Hilverda,Jan 1063 GER 0 3 6 1.5 25.5 235.0 275 Lienau,Marei 1022 GER 1 1 7 1.5 25.0 252.0 276 Sack,Carl-Anton 1206 GER 1 1 7 1.5 24.5 251.0 277 Jaspers,Sebastian 907 GER 1 1 7 1.5 19.5 245.0 278 Kuckling,Gabriele 1000 GER 0 2 7 1.0 22.0 233.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------